Tetricus I and his son Tetricus II, are almost unique in Roman history, as being defeated by a rival emperor, pardoned and allowed to live out the rest of their lives in safety. They were the last of the so-called Gallic Emperors, ruling the breakaway provinces of Britain, Gaul and Hispania, after the death of Victorinus. Shrunken down to just Britain and northwestern France, the writing was on the wall for the Gallic Empire. It has been suggested they made a deal with the legitimate emperor Aurelian, surrendering to his forces in exchange for their lives.