Wheat Penny History and Value

The Wheat Penny, also known as the Lincoln Wheat Cent, was first minted in 1909 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's birth. Designed by Victor D. Brenner, it features Lincoln's profile on the obverse and two wheat stalks on the reverse. Minted until 1958, the Wheat Penny is celebrated for its historical significance and is a favorite among coin collectors. Continue reading to learn more about wheat penny history.

The Lincoln cent has been issued continuously since 1909, longer than any other U.S. coin. It has seen three different reverse subtypes during that period while retaining the same obverse apart from slight modifications and is a coin that has long appealed to both beginning and advanced collectors. Many collectors got started with these coins at a young age. Continue reading to learn more about wheat penny history and value.

Wheat penny

Of the three reverses used on the coin, the original wheat stalk reverse used from the coin’s debut through 1959 (when it was replaced with a design of the Lincoln Memorial and then in 2009 with a design featuring a Union shield) is the one most beloved to collectors. That has a lot to do with the fact that most of the rarer issues are from that period, including the series key, the 1909-S VDB. The wheat reverse was intended to symbolize prosperity.

The origins of the coin lie with President Theodore Roosevelt, who met in 1905 with famed sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens when the two discussed the artistic state of American coinage. Roosevelt later commissioned Saint-Gaudens to redesign the entire gamut of U.S. coins from the cent through the double eagle. As collectors know, he produced the most beloved designs of all time for the $10 and $20 gold coins and prepared sketches for a new cent featuring Liberty on it, but the cent design was never used. Saint Gaudens passed away in 1907, a year before the debut of his gold coin masterpieces.

Roosevelt’s vision was eventually carried out from this time through 1921 by several different artists and is known as the renaissance of American coinage.

Roosevelt considered President Abraham Lincoln the greatest Republican president and saw himself as Lincoln’s political heir. He thought that a new cent timed to commemorate the upcoming centennial of the slain president’s birth in 1809 would be merited. He admired a plaque that had been created by Lithuanian immigrant and sculptor with a numismatic focus Victor David Brenner that featured a right-facing side profile of Lincoln, making him an ideal candidate to design the new coin.

The Mint Director of the period commissioned Brenner to redesign the cent that had used the Indian Head design since 1859. Brenner submitted his Lincoln and wheat penny designs, which saw some modifications, including some he did not approve of such a lowering of the bust from extending to the top edge of the coin as he prepared it, which was likely done to add the inscription, “IN GOD WE TRUST,” which was also not on his original design.

VDB initials

But the biggest controversy surrounds the artist’s efforts to give himself credit on the coin as its designer – something that is commonly done on U.S. coins with some form of initials. The artist’s design originally included his entire last name on the reverse. When told by the Mint that his name would be obtrusive there, he changed it to his three initials, “VDB,” which then appeared on the first coins struck -- 1909 and 1909-S cents released on August 2, 1909. The coins were greeted with a remarkable degree of interest that many called a frenzy.

But within three days the mint stopped producing those coins and removed the initials after 484,000 of the original version had been made. There had been discussion of replacing Brenner’s full name with the first letter of his last name, but that was not done because Charles Barber, the Mint’s chief engraver at the time, did not want it to be confused with the “B” that appears on the silver coins he designed. That was rooted Barber’s opposition to Brenner’s coin and even the use of outside artists.

Many have suggested there was public outcry about the use of the “VDB” initials as advertising for the artist, but researchers like Q. David Bowers note that they found no press reports of the time, nor Treasury records, that corroborate that view, which he considers to be folklore.

Moreover, the numismatic community objected to the removal of the initials, noting that it was inconsistent with past practice since coins like the gold ones designed by Saint-Gaudens featured three initials while others used just one. They and Brenner compared it to an artist’s signature on a painting.

In 1918, not long after Charles Barber’s passing in 1917, a smaller set of initials was added to obverse under Lincoln’s shoulder.

How much are wheat pennies worth?

Any wheat penny is today worth 1.85 cents based on its 95% copper content at current spot values. Circulated examples of the most common coins are worth a bit more than that. Such coins are readily  available in rolls.and in bags of 5,000 coins.

At the other end of the spectrum are the rarest and most valuable coins like the 1909-S VDB and popular variety coins like the 1955 double due, which are  covered in this post.

Wheat penny value

Mint state examples of common date wheat pennies are worth $5 in MS65 Brown, $10 in MS66BN and $30 in MS67BN, while Red examples in the same grade command $14, $18 and $80. But a top-graded MS68RD is seldom encountered and worth a whopping $3150!

Individual dates can be worth anywhere from those values to tens of thousands for the rarest dates in top condition.

Keep in mind that because copper oxidizes over time, it is very important to store your valuable cents properly as they could change color and lose value if not stored in as airtight an environment as possible.

1944 wheat penny

1944 wheat pennies are common in all grades, which is not surprising since 1,435,400,000 were struck, with values similar to those for a type coin. However, an estimated 25-30 were made on 1943 zinc-coated steel planchets. Those coins are very rare and have sold for from $30,000 in MS61 to a record of $158,000 for an MS64 example.

Mintages were high during this period due to increased demand for coins in circulation during World War II.

1945 wheat penny

1945 wheat pennies are also common with a little over 1 billion made and values again similar to type coins, but many have blotchy surfaces, so care should be taken to find a nice example.

1946 wheat penny

1946 is another common date with close to a billion made and similar values as the 1944 and 1945 coins. Strike and sharpness varies for this date, but it should not be difficult to find examples with fully details on them.

Collecting wheat pennies can be done in endless ways and on every budget depending on your goals as a collector of this hugely popular series.