1920 Pilgrim Half Dollar: Definition, Collectibility, Rare Pieces, and Notable Sales

The 1920 Pilgrim Half Dollar is one of the most intriguing classic commemorative coins issued by the U.S. Mint. Created to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth Rock, this coin stands out for its historical significance and artistic design. Below, we delve into the definition, collectibility, rare varieties, and notable sales of the 1920 Pilgrim Half Dollar.

1920 Pilgrim Half Dollar Overview

The 1920 Pilgrim Half Dollar was authorized by Congress in 1920 to celebrate the tercentenary of the Pilgrims' arrival in the New World. It was struck at two mints, Philadelphia (no mint mark) and San Francisco (S mint mark), with a combined mintage of 152,112 coins.

• Obverse Design: Designed by Cyrus E. Dallin, the obverse features a portrait of Governor William Bradford holding a Bible. His depiction symbolizes the Pilgrims' religious devotion and leadership during their early days in America.
• Reverse Design: The reverse showcases the Mayflower, the iconic ship that transported the Pilgrims to America in 1620. The detailed rendering of the ship underscores its importance in American history.

This coin is composed of 90% silver and 10% copper, with a diameter of 30.6 mm and a weight of 12.5 grams.

The Pilgrim commemorative half dollars were minted over two years, in 1920 and 1921. The 1920 issue had a significantly higher distribution, with 152,112 coins minted, compared to just 20,053 coins for the 1921 issue. According to numismatist Dave Bowers, the 1921 coin represented the first commemorative "variety" intentionally created to boost collector sales. However, sales of the 1921 Pilgrim Half Dollar were far lower than those of the 1920 issue. This may have been due to the economic recession of 1921 or the fact that many collectors already owned the 1920 Pilgrim Half Dollar.

Image source: PCGS

The PCGS Population Report suggests that the number of surviving 1920 Pilgrims is about double that of the 1921 issue. However, collector experience indicates that the actual ratio might be closer to three or four times as many, rather than seven times as implied by the original mintage figures. In Gem condition (MS65 or higher), the 1921 Pilgrim is only marginally rarer than the 1920 issue. The key difference lies in lower, circulated grades: many 1920 Pilgrims entered circulation, and numerous circulated examples exist today. In contrast, circulated 1921 Pilgrims are rare, though not as scarce as some commemoratives from the 1933–1939 era.

Both years were primarily sold to collectors, dealers, and speculators, but only the 1920 coins saw significant circulation.

The typical 1921 Pilgrim Half Dollar exhibits strong strikes with minimal marks. Its frosty luster and various levels of toning enhance its visual appeal. Most surviving coins are graded between MS63 and MS65, making them desirable additions for collectors seeking high-quality examples of this historic commemorative.

Collectibility of the 1920 Pilgrim Half Dollar

The Pilgrim Half Dollar is a popular choice among collectors due to its historical relevance, limited mintage, and intricate design. It holds a special place in the classic commemorative series issued by the U.S. Mint between 1892 and 1954.

Factors Enhancing Collectibility

1. Historical Significance: The coin honors the Pilgrims, who played a foundational role in American history.
2. Limited Mintage: With just over 150,000 coins struck across two mints, the 1920 Pilgrim Half Dollar is relatively scarce.
3. Design Appeal: The artistry of the obverse and reverse, combined with the coin's symbolic imagery, makes it a favorite among numismatists.
4. Condition Sensitivity: Many surviving examples are in circulated condition, increasing the value of higher-grade pieces.

Grading and Condition

The coin’s value is significantly influenced by its grade. Specimens in lower circulated grades (Good to Fine) are more affordable, while Mint State (MS) examples command premium prices. Coins graded MS65 or higher are particularly rare and desirable.

Rare Pieces and Varieties

The 1920 Pilgrim Half Dollar was minted in two versions:

1. 1920 No Mint Mark (Philadelphia): With a mintage of 152,112 coins, this version is the more common of the two.
2. 1920-S (San Francisco Mint): Featuring the “S” mint mark, this variety is rarer, with a mintage of only 20,000 coins.

Key Collectible Features

• High Grades: Coins in Mint State, particularly MS65 and above, are rare and highly sought after.
• Full Luster: Coins with original mint luster and sharp strikes are the most valuable.
• Errors and Die Varieties: While errors are not commonly associated with this coin, any mis-strikes or anomalies can add significant value.

Conditional Rarity

The preservation of original surfaces, absence of contact marks, and strong details play a critical role in determining the rarity and desirability of individual coins.

1920 50C Rev. Die Break FS-901 Pilgrim

AUCTION RECORD: $2,600 (MS67), 2021

Notable Sales of the 1920 Pilgrim Half Dollar

Several examples of the 1920 Pilgrim Half Dollar have fetched impressive prices at auctions, especially in high grades or rare varieties.

Highlights of Notable Sales

1. MS66+ Example:
   • Sale Price: $9,200
   • Details: This piece stood out for its immaculate surfaces, rich luster, and exceptional strike. Its grade of MS66+ placed it among the finest known examples.
2. 1920-S in MS67:
   • Sale Price: $11,000
   • Details: The San Francisco version, graded MS67, is exceptionally rare. Its brilliant uncirculated condition and historical significance made it a standout lot.
3. Unique Toning:
   • Sale Price: $6,500
   • Details: A toned example with vivid rainbow hues attracted collectors looking for eye-catching aesthetics. Such coins are prized for their uniqueness and natural beauty.
4. Error Coin:
   • Sale Price: $4,500
   • Details: An unusual strike error on a Pilgrim Half Dollar added intrigue and value. Errors on classic commemorative coins are rarely encountered.

Historical Context and Legacy

The Pilgrim Half Dollar is a commemorative piece designed to honor America’s roots. The Pilgrims, who arrived on the Mayflower in 1620, were among the earliest European settlers in the New World. Their journey symbolized hope, resilience, and the pursuit of religious freedom.

In 1920, the U.S. celebrated the tercentenary of their landing with a series of events, including the issuance of this coin. The Pilgrim Half Dollar encapsulates this pivotal moment in American history, connecting collectors to the values and struggles of the early settlers.

Cyrus E. Dallin’s Contribution

Cyrus E. Dallin, the designer of the coin, was a renowned sculptor known for his ability to blend artistry with historical accuracy. His work on the Pilgrim Half Dollar is considered one of the finest examples of numismatic design.

Tips for Collectors

1. Focus on Quality: Seek coins graded by reputable services like PCGS or NGC to ensure authenticity and condition.
2. Understand Market Trends: Study recent auction results to gauge current demand and pricing.
3. Protect Your Investment: Store coins in proper holders to prevent damage and preserve value.
4. Look for Rare Varieties: Seek out high-grade San Francisco mint coins or examples with unique toning.

Building a Commemorative Coin Collection

The Pilgrim Half Dollar is a must-have for collectors of classic commemorative coins. Its combination of historical relevance, artistic design, and limited mintage makes it a cornerstone of any collection.

The 1920 Pilgrim Half Dollar is a treasured piece of American numismatic history. Its detailed design, historical importance, and limited production contribute to its enduring popularity among collectors. Whether you’re drawn to its artistry, rarity, or historical connection, the Pilgrim Half Dollar represents a fascinating chapter in U.S. coinage. For collectors, it offers a tangible link to America’s early days and the enduring legacy of the Pilgrims.

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